Breakthrough Achieved in Phononics with First Experimental All-Flat Phononic Band Structure
Posted: Wed Jan 15, 2025 6:31 pm
Researchers from the University of Connecticut’s College of Engineering (CoE) have reached a significant milestone in phononics with the first experimental demonstration of an all-flat phononic band structure (AFB). Phononics, which involves the control of sound and heat, has now entered a new frontier with this breakthrough, detailed in Physical Review Letters.
This discovery introduces a new class of materials capable of uniquely controlling sound and vibrations by trapping energy with unmatched intensity. The potential applications are vast, spanning acoustics, vibration insulation, energy harvesting, and more.
Led by Professor Osama Bilal, director of the Wave Engineering Laboratory for Extreme and Intelligent Matter (We-Xite), along with doctoral student Mahmoud Samak, the team has unlocked a new way to engineer materials with exceptional behavior. The experiments demonstrated that the material functions as both a perfect sound vacuum and a wave amplifier simultaneously.
“A flat band in a band structure is a special frequency band where the group velocity stays zero across all wavenumbers,” Bilal explains. “This means sound waves at these frequencies do not propagate or disperse, resulting in energy being trapped near the source at extremely high intensity."
Bilal further elaborates, “Our method shows that we can design materials that insulate waves at all frequencies while simultaneously trapping energy at extreme intensities. Unlike other wave localization forms, such as those at engineered lattice defects or topological interfaces, energy localization in flat bands is not confined to a specific point. This unique feature could open doors to applications like advanced acoustic cloaking, sound rerouting, energy harvesting, and vibration isolation.”
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The team’s approach began with a basic toy model of masses and springs, used to identify the necessary conditions for achieving an all-flat phononic band structure. Following this, they combined analytical calculations, numerical simulations, and experimental measurements to prove the viability of their design.
A key innovation in the research is the use of free-floating disks with magnetic couplings, which Bilal has been refining over the years. These provide the grounding stiffness required to create a fully flat-band structure for phonons.
Looking ahead, the team plans to refine their design further and explore how these flat-band materials can be scaled and applied in real-world scenarios such as sound and vibration insulation, energy harvesting for sensors or medical devices, sound lensing, and acoustic cloaking.
The study lays the foundation for further advancements in phononic metamaterials, with the hope that these will lead to even more extraordinary wave-control capabilities. Additionally, this breakthrough paves the way for exploring flat bands in other wave domains, offering an exciting new frontier in wave physics and engineering.
“This study is the first to demonstrate that an all-flat band structure for phonons can be both theoretically and experimentally achieved,” Bilal concludes. “This work opens the door to new technologies in acoustics, energy harvesting, and potentially heat manipulation.”
This discovery introduces a new class of materials capable of uniquely controlling sound and vibrations by trapping energy with unmatched intensity. The potential applications are vast, spanning acoustics, vibration insulation, energy harvesting, and more.
Led by Professor Osama Bilal, director of the Wave Engineering Laboratory for Extreme and Intelligent Matter (We-Xite), along with doctoral student Mahmoud Samak, the team has unlocked a new way to engineer materials with exceptional behavior. The experiments demonstrated that the material functions as both a perfect sound vacuum and a wave amplifier simultaneously.
“A flat band in a band structure is a special frequency band where the group velocity stays zero across all wavenumbers,” Bilal explains. “This means sound waves at these frequencies do not propagate or disperse, resulting in energy being trapped near the source at extremely high intensity."
Bilal further elaborates, “Our method shows that we can design materials that insulate waves at all frequencies while simultaneously trapping energy at extreme intensities. Unlike other wave localization forms, such as those at engineered lattice defects or topological interfaces, energy localization in flat bands is not confined to a specific point. This unique feature could open doors to applications like advanced acoustic cloaking, sound rerouting, energy harvesting, and vibration isolation.”
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The team’s approach began with a basic toy model of masses and springs, used to identify the necessary conditions for achieving an all-flat phononic band structure. Following this, they combined analytical calculations, numerical simulations, and experimental measurements to prove the viability of their design.
A key innovation in the research is the use of free-floating disks with magnetic couplings, which Bilal has been refining over the years. These provide the grounding stiffness required to create a fully flat-band structure for phonons.
Looking ahead, the team plans to refine their design further and explore how these flat-band materials can be scaled and applied in real-world scenarios such as sound and vibration insulation, energy harvesting for sensors or medical devices, sound lensing, and acoustic cloaking.
The study lays the foundation for further advancements in phononic metamaterials, with the hope that these will lead to even more extraordinary wave-control capabilities. Additionally, this breakthrough paves the way for exploring flat bands in other wave domains, offering an exciting new frontier in wave physics and engineering.
“This study is the first to demonstrate that an all-flat band structure for phonons can be both theoretically and experimentally achieved,” Bilal concludes. “This work opens the door to new technologies in acoustics, energy harvesting, and potentially heat manipulation.”