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TU Graz has developed innovative measurement methods and tools for assessing emissions from category-L vehicles, such as mopeds, motorbikes, tricycles, and quads, in real-world conditions. These efforts are part of the "LENS" project (L-vehicles Emissions and Noise Mitigation Solutions), funded by the European Commission, in collaboration with an international consortium. The project aims to establish realistic test procedures and set emission limits for these vehicles, which have previously been excluded from mandatory emissions testing and regulation.

The 2015 automotive emissions scandal sparked a global conversation about the need for more realistic vehicle testing to determine pollutant emissions, shifting focus from just lab tests to on-road assessments. Although such tests are now mandatory for passenger vehicles, category-L vehicles were not subject to similar requirements. The findings of the "LENS" project will help lawmakers make informed decisions on emissions standards, assist law enforcement in detecting violations and manipulation, and allow manufacturers to better adapt their fleets.

Stephan Schmidt from TU Graz’s Institute of Thermodynamics and Sustainable Propulsion Systems noted that measurement methods developed for passenger vehicles are not suitable for the dynamic nature of category-L vehicles. As a result, the team had to develop custom measurement techniques and lightweight, portable equipment designed for motorbikes and mopeds. This technology is unique worldwide, as it enables accurate emissions data collection for these types of vehicles.

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The project consortium measured a total of 150 vehicles, with 40 measured at TU Graz. The Institute of Thermodynamics and Sustainable Propulsion Systems and the Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems at TU Graz were responsible for developing the measurement methodologies and technologies used throughout the project. One of the main challenges was miniaturizing the equipment. While bulky equipment isn’t a concern for cars, it significantly affects the performance and usability on lighter vehicles like mopeds and motorbikes.

Researchers also developed appropriate route profiles for testing that accounted for the varying capabilities of category-L vehicles. The study considered differences in vehicle classes and driving styles, combining sporty and hilly sections. Additionally, the varied drive systems and weights of these vehicles required adapted measurement methodologies. For small-volume engines, mass flow measurement is difficult using traditional methods, but the model-based approach developed by TU Graz enabled the team to calculate mass flows during the journey using data from test benches. This provided accurate emission data based on the smaller, less accurate measuring devices used for reference.